At the molecular level the response to drought stress results in the differential expression of several metabolic pathways. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress. Ijms free fulltext transcriptome analysis of drought. Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect. Droughttolerant crops to the rescue in kenya icrisat. After the great destruction caused by drought stress in sorghum crop of 4050%, especially in the early stages of life, we can say that the real. Drought is the main limiting factor of crops production in major regions of the world. Drought stress is the major environmental stress that affects plant growth and productivity.
Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Grain sorghum is a desirable crop, highly resistant to drought and can withstand. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon nutrition. Impacts this research is building the infrastructure for sorghum genome research, a key enabling technology needed to understand the genetic basis of sorghum drought tolerance. In this study, two varieties of sorghum samsorg 17, a highly drought tolerant cultivar, and samsorg 40, a less drought tolerant onewere studied.
It proved its mettle in the 2012 drought, producing decent dryland yields with very little rainfall, and epas pathway approval for sorghum ethanol should open new markets. Sorghum is a useful crop to grow in areas with erratic, poorly distributed or inadequate rainfall. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in both sorghum and cotton. Studying drought tolerance in sorghum doe joint genome. Drought is one of the most important yields reducing abiotic constraint worldwide. To understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance in sorghums. Breeders and crop physiologists need to work closely in testing the viabilityvalidity of the traitbased approaches for drought tolerance. In response to drought, plants reprogram their gene expression, which ultimately regulates a multitude of biochemical and physiological processes.
Current methodologies for identifying the nonsenescent staygreen trait require the right intensity of drought stress at the right developmental stage to visually evaluate lines in the field. Physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum. To characterize selected germplasm lines for pre and postflowering drought tolerance. Agronomy journal abstract sorghum selection system for. Despite many decades of research on drought tolerance in several crops, little progress has been reported in terms of genetic enhancement of crop productivity under waterdeficits environments.
An integrated and comparative approach towards identification. A recent study showed that grain sorghum had a yield and economic advantage over corn in dryland regions because of better drought and temperature tolerance 57. Identification of sorghum genes involved in drought tolerance will increase yield and yield stability. In sorghum, drought tolerance is a complicated characteristic affected by various environmental factors. Sorghum uniquely fits production in such regions, due to high and stable water. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum. Moench grown in northern china, water resources are often limited, with drought stress occurring often during the early growing season in spring. Grain sorghum water requirement sorghum water use is mainly affected by its growth stages and. Download fulltext pdf selection of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Moench but little is known about its effects on panicle development. In the wet summer season, however, sorghum may suffer intermittent or longterm em due to excessive rainfall, storm, or flooding. The recent interest in sorghum is nowadays also fuelled by its non gmo status, its drought tolerance and its wide adaptability dahlberg et al. Moench is a genetically diverse cereal crop grown in many semiarid regions of the world.
Dec 20, 2019 thus, dryseason sorghum with good drought tolerance could be a good source of genes to breed for drought tolerance and increase productivity of this and other types of sorghum in chad and in the. The leaves of hp grazer tend to be wider and longer than most conventional sorghum sudans on the market. In terms of climate change, this is a crop that you want people to grow. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials.
Corn and sorghum management strategies for drought 2011. Now, for the first time, scientists have looked at the soil near sorghum plants to learn what role microbes play in the crops unique ability to endure drought. The results concluded that sorghum tolerance the drought. Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated with. Assessment of agromorphological variability of dryseason.
Comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet sorghum and. Sorghum is grown in semiarid to arid regions of the world and serves as the staple food for about half a billion people in subsaharan africa and asia. Its tolerance to drought is a consequence of morphological and anatomical characteristics thick leaf wax, deep root system and physiological responses osmotic adjustment, stay green, quiescence. Evaluating physiological traits of drought and heat. Sorghum is particularly drought tolerant compared with other cereal crops and is. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in sorghum. Sorghum sudangrass hybrid sorghum x drummondii hp grazer is a new improved premium forage product selected for its high productivity, exceptional sweetness and improved forage quality. The waxy layer reduces transpiration and increases the drought tolerance of the plants. Selection system for the staygreen drought tolerance. Retention of green leaf area at maturity glam, known as staygreen, is used as an indicator of postanthesis drought resistance in sorghum programs in the united states and australia borrell et al. Other options include triticale both spring and fall types, sorghum, sudangrass and hybrid sorghum sudangrass. Replacing maize with drought tolerant crops such as sorghum, millets, pigeonpea, cowpea and green gram is helping farmers overcome the failure of rains and its damaging impact on maize in busia county in western kenya. Keywords drought tolerance, genetic variability, post flowering, principal component analysis, sorghum 1.
Department of agronomy, pmas arid agriculture university, rawalpindi, 46000, pakistan. Attempts to exploit these genetic variation for drought tolerance in sorghum through conventional plant breeding methods have been slow and arduous. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in. Sorghum is grown in areas with as little as 250mm of rainfall. The epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. For this reason, exploring the subtle differences in gene expression of. In this study, for selecting and introducing the best drought tolerant genotypes, seven pearl millet and five sorghum genotypes in three locations kerman, jiroft, and bardsir in kerman province were. Dec 22, 2017 assigning drought tolerance phenotype to any of these genes is apparently not just important for plant transformation to improve sorghum drought tolerance and yield stability but also for markerassisted breeding, especially in a nongenetically modified crops. Drought is the single most limiting factor in crop production. Drought is a major stress affecting rainfed sorghum production systems.
Characterization of sorghum genotypes for traits related to drought tolerance article in field crops research 1231. Severe drought stress reduced the adw of maize by 51 %, but only by 37 % for sweet sorghum and 35 % for sorghum sudangrass hybrids. The drought adaptation in sorghum relies on structural and biochemical features, i. Jeffry sander, in progress in molecular biology and translational science, 2017. Improving drought tolerance in sorghum is of prime importance. Silicon content per dry mass was higher in leaves than in roots in both cultivars. Moench accessions were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. Moench is an important drought tolerant crop in such areas and is a good crop model for evaluating mechanisms of moisture stress tolerance.
Jan 30, 2009 drought tolerance may arise from extra copies of key genes, and sorghum s efficient photosynthetic pathway was gradually cobbled together from existing photosynthetic genes and duplicated genes that shifted their function over millions of years, says andrew paterson, a plant geneticist at the university of georgia in athens. Screening for drought tolerance in sorghum using cell. Both crops have the ability to withstand periods of water deficit and to yield an economic return to the farmer. Sbwrky30 enhances the drought tolerance of plants and. Our newly developed high throughput screening tools provide, for the first time, a quantitative measure of the levels of pre and post flowering. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but had no effect on dry matter production under wet conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of fielddroughted sorghum from. Postflowering drought tolerance is an essential trait for increasing the production of sorghum l. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. Moench and other cereals in mediterranean and semiarid tropical climates. Moench genotypes for drought tolerance using physiological characterization article pdf available march 2020 with 66 reads. Lately maize had taken over traditional crops like sorghum and millets in busia county. However, parallel efforts should be made to improve simultaneously inculcating other drought tolerant traits 31. Sorghum acres to grow due to drought tolerance, new varieties.
Cumulatively, these points ensure that the plants exhibit drought tolerance. Rsa sorghum landraces 14 screened for drought tolerance dt at seedling stage. Dec 27, 2012 sorghum is poised to come into its own as an alternative to corn. Characterization of sorghum genotypes for traits related. To increase the drought tolerance of crop species, we need to understand better the traits possessed by drought tolerant plants so that these can be transferred into new varieties. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon. By understanding how epigenetics helps crops such as sorghum with drought tolerance, farmers could better predict how cereal crops will be impacted by climate change.
This study was conducted to investigate if a cell viability assay could serve as an effective, efficient screen to determine postanthesis drought tolerance in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Grain sorghum is drought tolerant and is often grown in environments where water stress is expected. Drought may be the most important abiotic stress limiting crop productivity worldwide, including brazil. It is proposed to evaluate sorghum reference germplasm set 360 of the 384 reference set accessions, selected based on the genotyping information of composite collection 41 ssr loci data on 3372 accessions, for postflowering drought tolerance.
Physiological responses of selected african sorghum landraces to. Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. Comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet sorghum. Among the c4 cereals, sorghum bicolor is the species most suited to environments that are prone to drought. The results concluded that sorghum tolerance the drought at. Moench is one of the most droughttolerant grain crops and is an excellent crop model for evaluating mechanisms of drought. Drought tolerance resistance is a complex trait influenced by several plant factors. To help determine the best alternatives, we evaluated 30 sorghum cultivars with and without water stress in the postflowering plant stage. In order to identify drought tolerant eritrean sorghum landraces and assess efficiency of drought tolerance indices, twenty five sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Postflowering drought tolerance is an essential trait for increasing the production of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Genetic engineering by heterologously expressing important drought responsive genes has been proven to be an effective approach for developing transgenic plants with enhanced drought tolerance. Screening for drought tolerance in sorghum using cell culture. Drought is a major constraint to rain fed crop production.
The timing of this reprogramming and the nature of the drought regulated genes in different genotypes are thought to confer differential tolerance to drought stress. This research was aimed at studying the yield response of sorghum mini core accessions to postflowering drought stress to identify drought tolerant sources for sorghum improvement. Drought tolerant forage mixtures beef cattle research. The beef cattle industry science cluster is funded by the beef cattle research council, a division of the canadian cattlemens association, and agriculture and agrifood canada to advance research and technology transfer supporting the canadian beef industrys vision to be recognized as a preferred supplier of healthy, high quality beef, cattle and genetics.
The major crops of kansas wheat, sorghum, corn and soybean experience water drought andor high temperature heat stress resulting in significant yield losses. Pdf physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in. Further, in sorghum, drought tolerance is defined as demonstrating high yields under drought stress, which both of these varieties have been shown to do under their respective drought stresses 7, 25. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in. Sorghum bicolor was domesticated in africa 3000 years ago barkworth, 2003. An association panel of about 300 sorghum genotypes from different races, representative of sorghum globally, was assembled for genetic studies. Selection system for the staygreen drought tolerance trait. Results suggest that peginduced osmotic stress on callus cultures can be used to screen sorghum cultivars for potential early field preflowering drought tolerance. In 20, under nonstressed conditions, the mean was 21g and under stressed conditions, it was. Molecular genetic studies on abiotic stress resistance in sorghum. Drought tolerance sorghum is able to tolerate drought better than most other grain crops and can be attributed to. The drought tolerant sorghum varieties such as serena, seredo super sorghum are produced as a result of plant breeding to enhance their resistance or tolerance to stresses that result from climate variability.
Drought tolerance is an important attribute of commercial maize. Selection for drought tolerance in sorghum using desiccants. Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated with canopy development, leaf anatomy, root growth, and water uptake. Drought tolerance sorghum is able to tolerate drought better than most other grain crops. Selection indices to identify droughttolerant grain. Thus, understanding and characterising the traits associated with drought in sorghum forms. Droughtstress in sorghum has been characterized at both preflowering and postflowering stages resulting in a drastic reduction in grain yield. Selection of sorghum for drought tolerance in a semiarid.
Silicification in sorghum sorghum bicolor cultivars with. The major physiological problem associated with yield losses in seed or grain crops where reproductive parts are economic yield of kansas under drought and heat stress is reproductive failure pollination, seedset. Drought stress occurring during the postflowering growth stage of sorghum can cause considerable reduction in yield. First, we tested the efficacies of three desiccants ki, naclo 3 and kclo 3. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghum sudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Microbes in soil help sorghum stay strong against droughts. Twoweek old seedlings of icsv 111 in were transplanted into 9 l pots filled with loamy sand 11.
Srinivasa rao, p munirathnam, vishwanath, santosh deshpande, francisco zavala, nemera shargie, vincent vadez, serge braconnier and stefania grando email. In both the root endodermis and leaf epidermis, silicification was higher in a drought tolerant cultivar gadambalia compared with drought sensitive cultivar tabat. The concentration of fe decreased with maturity in the tolerant group and it increased with. Sep 28, 2015 the epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. It triggers a wide range of responses detectable at molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop worldwide, showing superior heat and drought tolerance. Evaluaton of different sorghum genotypes for drought resistance. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in two sorghum genotypes with contrasting wue. The effects of silicon application on the drought tolerance of sorghum sorghum bicolor l.
This implies that at least a component of the early field drought tolerance in sorghum may have a cellular basis. Current methodologies for identifying the nonsenescent staygreen trait require the right intensity of drought stress at the right developmental stage to visually. The three crops differed markedly in their susceptibility to water shortage. Moench were investigated for two cultivars differing in drought susceptibility. Management strategies for corn and sorghum during times of drought brent bean, extension agronomist, amarillo before planting corn or sorghum in areas that are experiencing drought, producers should assess how much soil moisture they have in their soil profile along with considering precipitation forecast for the upcoming growing season.
Srinivasa rao, p munirathnam, vishwanath, santosh deshpande, francisco zavala, nemera shargie, vincent vadez, serge braconnier and. Moench the fifth mostis important cereal crop worldwide after wheat triti. Phenotyping sorghum reference set for drought tolerance. To accelerate the development of improved germplasm resources for enhanced drought tolerance breeding programs in different types of sorghums. In this study, we report on the results of tests on the use of desiccants in simulating postanthesis drought effects in sorghum as aid in selection for lateseason drought tolerance. Quantitative trait loci influencing drought tolerance in grain sorghum. Technology fact sheet for adaptation drought tolerant sorghum. Genetic analysis of postflowering drought tolerance and. Drought stress is a serious obstacle for crop production, especially in arid and semiarid areas of the world. The adaptation of grain sorghum to a wide range of environmental conditions has led to the evolution and existence of extensive genetic variation for drought tolerance. Phenotyping sorghum reference set for drought tolerance oar. Alternate forage crops when irrigation water is limited. Biomass production and grain yield of three sorghum lines differing. Sorghum is produced in south africa on a wide range of soils, and under fluctuating rainfall conditions of approximately 400 mm in the drier western parts to about 800 mm in the wetter eastern parts.
The sorghum plant, aside from being more heat and drought resistant than maize, also. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. To determine the stage of development most susceptible to water deficiency, in terms of grain yield components, eight plants of two sorghum lines were subjected to each of 10 single, successive drought stress treatments covering the entire. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials, adjustment to flowering, and mini core collection in sorghum upadhyaya, h d and dwivedi, s l and vetriventhan, m and krishnamurthy, l and singh, s k 2017 postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials, adjustment to flowering, and mini core collection in sorghum.
An experiment was setup in a greenhouse to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of sorghum to different drought patterns. Forage plants such as pearl millet and sorghum are drought tolerant and suitable for arid regions to grow. Sorghum for drought tolerance 5 grain mass was strongly reduced by water restriction, and most genotypes showed a significant reduction under stressed conditions table 1. Moench crop in the semiarid tropics often suffers from postflowering drought stress, which causes substantial losses in grain yield and stover quality. Inside science scientists want to know how one of the worlds most important grain crops, sorghum, can tolerate months of harsh, dry conditions. Pdf drought resistance mechanism and adaptation to water. Review on mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum sorghum bicolor l.
The adw of sorghum sudangrass hybrids significantly lagged behind sweet sorghum at all levels of water supply. Pdf drought is a major constraint in sorghum production worldwide. Many studies have reported responses to drought stress in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Growing of drought tolerant crops is a good option to obtain economical yields from water stress areas for which quick method. Each desiccant was applied at three concentrations. The root band of nodes below or just above the soil surface develops prop. The most commonly grown alternative forage crops are the cerealsfall rye, wheat, barley and oats.
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